The current Sierra Leonean Defence Minister is retired Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. It is the second-most important city in terms of transportation, economy, and education after Freetown. [181][182][183] The Islamic holidays of Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Maulid-un-Nabi (Birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) are observed as national holidays in Sierra Leone. The large majority of SLPP members backed Albert Margai over Karefa-Smart. Bo is also headed by a mayor and governed by the city council. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. [189][190][191][192][193] Other Christian Protestant denominations with significant presence in the country include Presbyterians,[194] Baptists,[195] Seventh-day Adventists[196] Anglicans,[197] Lutherans,[198][199] and Pentecostals. Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. President Momoh appointed his former military colleague and key ally, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie to succeed him as the head of the Sierra Leone Military. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. A traditional leader from each district has a seat in the countrys parliament, and each district is governed by an elected council. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[207]. [3] [4] It is one of the sixteen Districts of Sierra Leone. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. South Surah, Al Zahra, Block 1, Street 5, Building 22/614, 2023 Copyright - All rights Reserved - Embassy of Sierra Leone, Qatar Education Above All to Support 45,000 Out of School Children in Sierra Leone, Sierra Leones Foreign Minister discusses bilateral and multilateral issues with Qatar Foreign Minister, presents Sierra Leone candidature bid for UNSC non-permanent category for 2024-2025, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Sierra Leone Investment and Export Promoting Agency. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. The Kissi live further inland in South-Eastern Sierra Leone. They predominate in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun District. Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. The Judiciary have jurisdiction in all civil and criminal matters throughout the country. The first of these goals is to provide solar power to at least 50,000 homes in 2016, the second is 250,000 homes by 2017, and finally to provide power to 1,000,000 people by 2020. The Sierra Leone Armed Forces consist of around 15,500 personnel, comprising the largest Sierra Leone Army,[122] the Sierra Leone Navy and the Sierra Leone Air Wing. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. [103] As a result of migration to cities, the population is becoming more urban with an estimated rate of urbanisation growth of 2.9% a year. [133][134] In total, there are 19 local councils: 13 district councils, one for each of the 12 districts and one for the Western Area Rural, and six municipalities also have elected local councils. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. [106], Human activities claimed to be responsible or contributing to land degradation in Sierra Leone include unsustainable agricultural land use, poor soil and water management practices, deforestation, removal of natural vegetation, fuelwood consumption and to a lesser extent overgrazing and urbanisation. However, the damage and way to deal with the effects of war depends on the gender of the kids. When the ships left them in September, their numbers had been reduced to "276 persons, namely 212 black men, 30 black women, 5 white men and 29 white women". The Sierra Leonean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation is responsible for foreign policy of Sierra Leone. Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District Since independence, the Limba have traditionally been influential in Sierra Leone's politics, along with the Mende. President Momoh named James Bambay Kamara as the head of the Sierra Leone Police. The Krio have traditionally dominated Sierra Leone's judiciary and Freetown's elected city council. [33] The Spanish rendering of this geographic formation is Sierra Leona, which later was adapted, misspelled and became the country's current name. In his first public broadcast to the nation following the 1996 coup, Brigadier Bio stated that his support for returning Sierra Leone to a democratically elected civilian government and his commitment to ending the civil war were his motivations for the coup. Additionally, a significant part of Sierra Leones history can be ascribed to the arrival of Pedro da Cintra, a Portuguese Explorer. Sierra Leone has other smaller cities and towns that make up the geographic region of the country. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. The war was later known as the Hut Tax War. Since 1985, the nation did not conduct any census for 19 years. Margai was popular among Sierra Leoneans during his time in power, mostly known for his self-effacement. Following the American Revolution, more than 3,000 Black Loyalists had also been settled in Nova Scotia, where they were finally granted land. Waterloo is part of Freetown metropolitan area. In 1977, a nationwide student demonstration against the government disrupted Sierra Leone politics. The Aberdenn-Lumley area is a favourite destination for those venturing into the city's nightlife. In May 2002, Kabbah was re-elected president by a landslide. The Peninsula Mountains rise from the coastal swamps and reach some 2,900 feet (880 metres) at Picket Hill. Each of the country's 14 districts is represented in parliament. Inland from the coastal plain is the interior plains region. Sierra Leone,[note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. Loggers have extended their operations to Nimini, Kono District, Eastern Province; Jui, Western Rural District, Western Area; Loma Mountains National Park, Koinadougu, Northern Province; and with plans to start operations in the Kambui Forest reserve in the Kenema District, Eastern Province. 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[87] This move led to another major demonstration against the government in many parts of the country, but it was also put down by the army and Stevens' SSD force. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. [77] He based the government on the rule of law and the separation of powers, with multiparty political institutions and fairly viable representative structures. [108] There are concerns that heavy logging continues in the Tama-Tonkoli Forest Reserve in the north. There are four districts in the Northern Province: The Southern Province of Sierra Leone has the most coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. In addition to being Sierra Leones capital and largest city, Freetown is a major port city and utilizes one of the worlds largest natural deep water harbors. [18][19] Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. On 19 October 1998, 24 soldiers in the Sierra Leone armyincluding Gborie, Brigadier Hassan Karim Conteh, Colonel Samuel Francis Koroma, Major Kula Samba and Colonel Abdul Karim Sesaywere executed by firing squad after they were convicted in a court martial in Freetown, some for orchestrating the 1997 coup that overthrew President Kabbah and others for failure to reverse the mutiny.[94]. Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. Although the British government recommended leniency, Cardew insisted on sending the chief and two allies into exile in the Gold Coast; his government hanged 96 of the chief's warriors. 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. [72][73] Sir Albert was opposed to the colonial legacy of allowing executive powers to the Paramount Chiefs, many of whom had been key allies of his late brother Sir Milton. Sierra Leone is a major producer of gem-quality diamonds. Several organisations planned to operate digital terrestrial subscription TV services, with Multichoice's Go TV having built infrastructure ahead of getting a licence and ultimately failing to get a licence. In mid-1974, Guinean soldiers, as requested by Stevens, were stationed in the country to help maintain his hold on power, as Stevens was a close ally of then-Guinean president Ahmed Skou Tour. They have no tradition of origin, and it is believed that they have lived in Sierra Leone since before the European encounter. Cut off from their various homelands and traditions, the Liberated Africans were forced to assimilate to the Western styles of Settlers and Maroons. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. However, the British exceeded their original mandate and took full military action to finally defeat the rebels and restore order. The results were that 64% of children were diagnosed with ARI where firewood stoves were used, and 44% where charcoal stoves were used. The name Yalunka literally means "inhabitants of the Jallon (mountains)". The city had a population of 34,079 in the 2004 census and a 2013 estimate of 40,000. The district has both highlands and lowlands. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. 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