[47] On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. She occupied herself with financing and overseeing the construction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, started in 1604 by Ferdinando I, at a cost to the state of 1,000 crowns per week.[52]. The Medici, however, were able to escape this fate and even took advantage of it to establish themselves among the citys elite. As I have had more honour and responsibility among you than any private citizen has had in our day, I am more bound than any other person to serve our country, even at the risk of my life. The Medicis produced four popes (Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV and Leo XI), and their genes have been mixed into many of Europes royal families. In architecture, the Medici were responsible for some notable features of Florence, including the Uffizi Gallery, the Boboli Gardens, the Belvedere, the Medici Chapel and the Palazzo Medici.[58]. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. Pills did not exist until much later and bloodletting was not a common practice at the time of the first Medici coat of arms. "Beginning with Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360-1429), he established several branches of the Medici Bank, the most lucrative associated with the papal court. The Habsburgs were deposed in favor of the House of Bourbon-Parma in 1801 (themselves deposed in 1807), but were later restored at the Congress of Vienna. Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo Galilei, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. The Medici family can be traced to the Mugello valley just north of Florence where they were mentioned in a document from the year 1230. Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, Medici family tree Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany), Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg, "Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela", "Medici Family Encyclopdia Britannica", "Music and the Medici The Medici Archive Project", "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 14001434", "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici Electress Palatine", "Florence Journal; Where the Bodies Are Buried, Modern-Day Medici Feud, Alan Feuer, New York Times, May 4, 2004", "The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms", Rebuilding The Renaissance, Episode 93 Florence: The Medici Dynasty, Prince Ottaviano de' Medici: Solving a 417-year-old murder mystery (May 4, 2004), Medici Family Tree, featuring portraits and bios of key members of the Medici Dynasty, 14001737, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Medici&oldid=1134291888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2022, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, By Medico, Castellan of Potrone, considered the first ancestor of the house, Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Medici women included Catherine (1519-1589) who married Henry II, King of France and ruled the coutry after her husband's death; Maria (1573-1642) married Henry IV, King of France. Cosimo and Lorenzo rarely held official posts but were the unquestioned leaders. [39] At that time, the economy was so decrepit that barter trade became prevalent in rural market places. Piero, oldest of the children of Lorenzo the Magnificent, fathered one son, also named Lorenzo (14921519), who in turn had a daughter, Catherine (151989), who became queen of France as wife of Henry II; three of her four sons became kings of France. Part 1 covers the Medici family from almost the earliest (relatively) well-documented generation to Salvestro, who established a brief populist dictatorship as I discuss here, and Vieri, who would take in his impoverished cousin Giovanni di Bicci and put him on the path to becoming a wealthy banker. The latter died before his father, who in death received the title "Father of His Country." Needless to conclude, that the world has need of people like the Medicis still. The Descendants of Cosimo de' Medici Lorenzo was a poet himself, and supported the work of such Renaissance masters as Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo (whom the Medicis commissioned to complete their family tombs in Florence). WikiTree is a community of genealogists growing an increasingly-accurate collaborative family tree that's 100% free for everyone forever. [30] The Grand Duke alone had the prerogative to exploit the state's mineral and salt resources, and the fortunes of the Medici were directly tied to the Tuscan economy.[30]. The Medici controlled the Medici Bankthen Europe's largest bankand an array of other enterprises in Florence and elsewhere. This MEDICI index was pre-built so it loads quickly. Giovanni de Medici first brought the family to prominence in Florence by starting the Medici bank. Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. The Medici family was connected to most other elite families of the time through marriages of convenience, partnerships, or employment, so the family had a central position in the social network: several families had systematic access to the rest of the elite families only through the Medici, perhaps similar to banking relationships. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. The descendants of Cosimo de' Medici's brother Lorenzo (great-uncle of Lorenzo the Magnificent) spawned a line of Grand Dukes of Tuscany, beginning with Cosimo I (1519-1574), and another Queen of France . Main article: House of Medici Contents 1Root Medici Tree 2Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany) 3Structure of the family tree lines 4The descendants line 4.1Origins 4.2Branch of Salvestro di Averardo 4.3Branch of Cafaggiolo 4.4Branch of Popolano (Trebbio)/Grand Ducal Branch 5Cornerstone figures of the line of succession 6Places 7See also There were three branches of Medicis that successfully gained power - the line of Chiarissimo II, the line of Cosimo (known as Cosimo the Elder) and the descendants of his brother, who went on to rule as grand dukes. [10] The origin of the name is uncertain. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. Remove from heat and set aside. But in 1381, when the popular government fell, he had to go into exile. Known to history as Cosimo the Elder, he lived a spartan life but was a devoted patron of the humanities, supporting artists such as Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello and Fra Angelico. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, was a wealthy, powerful, and influential family that lived and operated in the city of Florence, Italy during the Renaissance in the 13th. He also founded the Villa Medici at Rome and brought many priceless works of art to Florence. [38] The war effort was costly and the treasury so empty because of it that when the Castro mercenaries were paid for, the state could no longer afford to pay interest on government bonds, with the result that the interest rate was lowered by 0.75%. Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. Austria and Spain were ruled by the House of Habsburg; the two are interchangeable terms for the Habsburg domains in the time period in question. Maria's daughters became queens of Spain and England. Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the control of the Medici and their allies, save during intervals after 1494 and 1527. The Medici produced four popes of the Catholic ChurchPope Leo X (15131521), Pope Clement VII (15231534), Pope Pius IV (15591565)[5] and Pope Leo XI (1605)and two queens of FranceCatherine de' Medici (15471559) and Marie de' Medici (16001610). Second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. During the Russian Revolution read more, The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. [60] Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France and mother of Louis XIII, is the subject of a commissioned cycle of paintings known as the Marie de' Medici cycle, painted for the Luxembourg Palace by court painter Peter Paul Rubens in 162223. What happened to the Medici money? Giulia de' Medici. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! [42] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his nominal feudal overlord, exorbitant dues,[43] and he sent munitions to the emperor during the Battle of Vienna. [15] The next year, however, a pro-Medici Signoria (civic government) led by Tommaso Soderini, Oddo Altoviti and Lucca Pitti was elected and Cosimo returned. [33], Cosimo's elder son, Ferdinando, was not yet of legal maturity to succeed him, thus Maria Maddalena and his grandmother, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents. In 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de' Medici died under mysterious circumstances. [11] The dynasty began with the founding of the Medici Bank in Florence in 1397. Medici Family Islamic Medicine John Hunter Louis Pasteur Germ Theory Lung Cancer Mass Vaccination Medicine on the Western Front Medieval Surgery Modern Medicine Public Health Acts Public Health in Early Modern Britain The Black Death The Pharmaceutical Industry Theory of the Four Humours Welfare Reforms Spread of Islam Abd al-Malik Abu Bakr Finally, all were consumed by a passion for arts and letters and for building. I go full of hope, praying to God to give me grace to perform what every citizen should at all times be ready to perform for his country. They were more than beneficent and ostentatious patrons of the arts; they were also enlightened and were probably the most magnificent such patrons that the West has ever seen. After the Medici and until the unification o. which his descendants held until 1737. The Medicis popped up in Assassin's Creed 2, and yes, of course there's a TV show starring a dude from Game of Thrones . After Lorenzo's death the puritanical Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola rose to prominence, warning Florentines against excessive luxury. Galileo named the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used. Despite the presence of some Medici in the city's government institutions, they were still far less notable than other outstanding families such as the Albizzi or the Strozzi. Indeed, Lorenzo was an artist in his own right and an author of poetry and song; his support of the arts and letters is seen as a high point in Medici patronage. Giulio de Medici, the illegitimate son of Lorenzo the Magnificents brother Giuliano, abdicated power in 1523 to become Pope Clement VII, and the short and brutal rule of Alessandro (reputed to be Giulios own illegitimate son) ended with his assassination in 1537. Catherine de' Medici became the Queen of France, and as History tells us, the family produced no less than four popes. He also fathered two sons, one of whom, Giuliano (145378) was assassinated. The Medici remained in exile until 1512 when the descendants of Cosimo de Medici returned and ruled until 1537. Patrilineal descendants today: 0; Total descendants today: about 40,000. Introduction. [57] Lorenzo also served as patron to Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) for seven years. [59] Eleanor of Toledo, a princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased the Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550. The Medici family were at the time the de facto rulers of Florence: originally bankers, they came to great wealth and power by bankrolling the monarchies of Europe. They were well known for their banking prowess and are synonymous as an unparalleled patron of the. He married Maria Maddalena of Austria, with whom he had his eight children, including Margherita de' Medici, Ferdinando II de' Medici, and an Anna de' Medici. In 1378, Salvestro de' Medici proposed a reform widening the suffrage within the Republic, attracting the sympathy of the population for his family. Both also served as de facto political rulers of Rome, Florence, and large swaths of Italy known as the Papal States. The Medici Bank, from when it was created in 1397 to its fall in 1494, was one of the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe, and the Medici family was considered the wealthiest in Europe for a time. https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/medici-family. 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