The metallized screens (which were introduced for 3-D) and new projector lamp houses have helped screen illumination. The finders on the VistaVision cameras carry a hairline framing marking in the aspect ratio of 1.66/1. What is VistaVision, you ask? The 2008 DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of Walt Disney's Sleeping Beauty was shown at an aspect-ratio of 2.55:1 for the first time. This is the answer to front seating. The VistaVision system has a large gain in depth of field if the image height is maintained the same as on standard photography. When these prints are projected, they must be projected through an expander lens working in the expansion ratio of 1 1/2/1 (not 2/1as in the case of CinemaScope) which gives a screen image in the aspect ratio of 2/1. The Technirama process used a film frame area twice as large as CinemaScope. A visual medium requires visual methods. A compressed print is shown in Figure 3. I am now in Motion Picture | High-Fidelity, myself. In many ways, VistaVision became the testing ground for every cinematography idea that evolved into 70mm IMAX and OMNIMAX film formats in the 1970s. Upload images to make storyboards and slideshows. Just got the Blu-ray version of "To Catch A Thief" and it looks marvelous. Technirama used 1.5:1 anamorphic curved mirror optics in front of the camera lens (unlike CinemaScope's cylindrical lenses which squeezed the image in a 1:2 ratio). In this article, we look at 50+ examples of color palettes with films from David Fincher, Wes Anderson, and more. In the opinion of the writer the optics for a 1 1/2/1 ratio will give better picture quality than a higher ratio. Today, its easier than ever before to put your signature touch on the visuals. [4], Also offered at the same auction was VistaVision High Speed #1 (VVHS1), which was used to film the parting of the Red Sea in The Ten Commandments (1956) and special effects on Star Wars (winning bid US$60,000.)[5]. In smaller theaters, seamless white screens can be used if adequate projection light is available. If the picture is to be played in an aspect ratio of 1.66/1, the projectionist will frame at the little dot in the upper right-hand corner of the picture (the dot below the top frame line and above the dashed line). If the picture is being projected in the aspect ratio of 1.85/1, the projectionist will frame on the dashed line, and if the picture is to be projected in the aspect ratio of 2/1, framing should be on the little dot below the dashed line. By the early 21st century, computer-generated imagery, advanced film scanning, digital intermediate methods and film stocks with higher resolutions optimized for special effects work had together rendered VistaVision mostly obsolete even for special effects work. But many film-goers were still curious to see how three color Technicolor would look in live-action. Much of VistaVision's image quality must be credited to the Technicolor imbibition (dye transfer) printing process. From 1916 to 1932, the Technicolor company tinkered with its system so that the process of coloring films became accessible to Hollywood. A very similar idea is used for Imax, though, and that's still in (very limited) use. When desired, squeezed prints are made during the process of optical printing, but in the case of VistaVision the squeeze ratio is 1 1/2/1. IMAX shoots and presents their movies horizontally, much like VistaVision movies did. One reason for this is that the company was using a two color system in their cameras which only produced one strip of negatives. Before the 1950s, nearly every single movie was in the same 4:3 aspect ratio. In theaters where the screen width is limited to under 30 feet, and where there is adequate height, we recommend a screen aspect ratio of 1 66/1, reducing the height only when necessary for good viewing. But many were left traumatized or sick including the original Tin Man actor Buddy Ebsen, who was poisoned from the silver make-up. VistaVision cameras were sometimes adapted. Such prints would be compatible with those made by such 65-mm negative processes as Todd-AO and Super Panavision. It was Paramount's decision then, as it is today, that the 2.66/1 aspect ratio is too wide for its height. In our work with stereophonic sound we have found that it is overbearing and gives too much effect of movement for front seat listening, and it is of little value in the rear of the theater. After the 1956 delivery by Mitchell Camera Corporation, the converted Technicolor Three-Strip cameras immediately became obsolete, and were surplus to Technicolor's operations. This allows for an image space 2x the size of traditional 35mm. Basically they developed a camera that exposed an eight sprocket image in 1.66 by exposing the film horizontally. latin music awards 2022 vote; internal medicine specialist for dogs; crkt minimalist handle scales These markings are to be made less apparent than change-over markings and are to be used by the projectionist in gaining proper framing in the projection of VistaVision pictures. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://www.widescreen.org/aspect_ratios.shtml, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Technirama&oldid=1107391184, This page was last edited on 29 August 2022, at 19:24. White Christmas was the first Paramount film to utilize the VistaVision method, but perhaps the most well-known film to be shot completely on VistaVision is Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo. During the 1940s, hundreds of Technicolor films were made and people loved them. Rafael Abreu received his B.A. For the aborted early 1930s color process, instead of an image four perforations high, the camera exposed eight perforations (essentially two frames) consisting of one 4-perf image through a red filter and one 4-perf image through a green filter. How to Use Color in Film [w/ Free E-book] , The Ultimate Guide to Call Sheets (with FREE Call Sheet Template), How to Break Down a Script (with FREE Script Breakdown Sheet), The Only Shot List Template You Need with Free Download, Managing Your Film Budget Cashflow & PO Log (Free Template), A Better Film Crew List Template Booking Sheet, Best Storyboard Softwares (with free Storyboard Templates), Best Spike Lee Movies and TV Shows Ranked for Filmmakers, What is Practical Lighting in Film? Subscribe for more filmmaking videos like this. Technicolor films are known for their bright, bold, saturated colors. Substitutes Johnstone . Since VistaVision was no longer a major format, Paramount sold off many of their cameras to international filmmakers, who used the process infrequently throughout the rest of the decade. As soon as the Chrtien lens was again considered for industry use, Paramount went on record with the Motion Picture Research Council and the studios of the industry in a letter written by the writer on February 11, 1953, recommending that if anamorphic lenses were to be used, they should be used in a compression and/or expansion ratio of 1 1/2 (not 2/1) so as to give a picture aspect ratio of 2/1 on the screen. In addition to gaining flexibility in projection, the compressed VistaVision prints, working with expander lenses will give a light increase of approximately 40% which can be of real assistance on very large screens. The motor drive and many features of these cameras have been modernized so as to gain good registration and film movement. Hollywood made so much use of Technicolor in 1929 and 1930 that many believed the feature film industry would soon be turning out color films exclusively. It took some time for the developers to iron out the kinks, but by the time they did, a new vision of motion pictures emerged. unprintable. VistaVision did not cut down the number of seats in any theater (as did. In this case the picture composition will not be as good as the picture composition from a VistaVision standard print which has been "cropped" from top to bottom. Heres director Francis Ford Coppola talking about his perspective on Technicolor. DRIVE-IN PRESENTATION OF VISTAVISION FILMS. Your email address will not be published. Films were starting to be shot in widescreen through processes like Cinemascope and VistaVision. In theaters using very large lamphouses and high amperage we recommend the use of water and air cooling, also dichroic heat reflectors. In the preceding paragraphs we have named specific aspect ratios. Paramount Vista Vision logo at the beginning (only for Paramount films that used the process). The first Technicolor film shot entirely in Technicolors three color process was Becky Sharp in 1935. The sound for all release prints will be made from the same type of sound negative, and as indicated above all release prints can play on any standard optical sound head in any theater in the world. At the time, Technicolor cameras required incredibly bright lights to work as intended. As an example, with a screen 25 feet wide, this has been from 50 to 125 feet from the screen. It got so hot in those costumes that the crew feared for their safety. Seamless screens are made by Bodde, Roy Stewart and others. The only prints made from VistaVision negatives that were the full 1.33:1 aperture were made for television rather than theatrical presentation.MBH. Technicolor envisioned a full-color process as early as 1924, and was actively developing such a process by 1929. This next video shows us how the Technirama process was done and how it was different from its competitors: Technirama worked for a time, but it didnt solve the challenges that the dye-transfer process presented. Its no secret that Walt Disney put his career on the line with his remake of the famed Brothers Grimm fairytale. Screen height, the same as screen width, is usually limited by the proscenium. All of the scenes in Kansas are shot in sepia. All theater screens should be SEAMLESS and if the screen now installed has bad seams, the screen should be replaced. These squeezed prints will be made in the same manner and from the same negative as the standard prints, except that in optical reduction the picture area will be taken from the area of the negative that supplies the portion of the picture normally used in 2/1 aspect ratio projection from the standard print. We also expect to make matte shots, and we see no reason why we should not gain the same improvement in all types of special effects photography. Loudspeaker D should be connected to the same electrical circuit as loudspeaker A but operated at a lower level, and loudspeaker E should be connected to the same electrical circuit as loudspeaker C, and also operated at a lower level. [citation needed]. It started out with a camera that ran three strips of black and white film through the same camera. With respect to the foreign handling of sound for dubbed versions, we will keep the music, sound effects and dialogue separate on multi track magnetic for shipment to the foreign studios for dubbing. The framing marks appear only at the head end of the 2,000-foot reels. Paramount suggests this type of sound for those exhibitors who desire multi-horn reproduction and who wish to fill the theater with sound. Master the art of visual storytelling with our FREE video series on directing and filmmaking techniques. It was Paramount's answer to Todd-AO and CinemaScope. Read our extensive list of rules for more information on other types of posts like fan-art and self-promotion, or message the moderators if you have any questions. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Technicolor IB prints were created, but this was from separation masters derived from the original single-strip VistaVision negative. This gave the former a sharper image with less photographic grain. Every theater should install the largest possible screen, both in respect to height and width. VistaVision. Motion picture studios expend hundreds of thousands of dollars in a meticulous effort to deliver the best possible technical quality along with good entertainment. It was also the first full-length cel-animated film and first animated feature in the English language. The Wizard of Oz doesnt start in color though. It is contemplated that we shall derive the same benefit on black and white pictures that we are now gaining in color photography. When Paramount introduced the large screen to the motion picture industry prior to and during the release of SHANE, Paramount recommended that the theaters install the largest feasible screen, both as to HEIGHT and WIDTH. VistaVision pictures, starting with WHITE CHRISTMAS, can be viewed with ease and comfort from 1/2 to 8 times screen width. In framing for a 1.33/1 picture, the projectionist will frame just above the top frame line in keeping with past practice. There was a screening room on the Paramount lot that can still project VistaVision. Although we have probably not tested all of the different types, most of these lenses give poor results. While most competing widescreen film systems used magnetic audio and true stereophonic sound, early VistaVision carried only Perspecta Stereo, encoded in the optical track. It took a long time for Technicolor to settle on the best process for getting the full spectrum of color in its pictures. Such a screen gives an inferior picture at the center of seating and seldom improves the side seats. VistaVision is a higher resolution, widescreen variant of the 35mm motion picture film format which was created by engineers at Paramount Pictures in 1954. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. VistaVision, of course, had more-or-less fallen on the ash-heap of time when Georgie Lucas resurrected it for the effects shots in Star Wars. Resulting in higher-resolution photography, along with a native widescreen VistaVision aspect ratio of about 1.5:1 that can, by design, be cropped for 1.66:1, 1.85:1, and 2:1. The limiting factors have been picture quality and adequate screen illumination. In VistaVision this can either be accomplished by using a special wide film negative with the subsequent photographic reduction or the horizontal eight-sprocket hole film movement as herein explained. The rich colors often associated with VistaVision films such as "The Searchers" and "Vertigo" is a byproduct of Technicolor's dye transfer printing process which is a non-photochemical process and was entirely . Contents 1 History 2 Special effects usage 3 Technical specifications 4 Films shot in VistaVision 5 Legacy 6 See also 7 References Technicolor had roughly 12 of its Three-Strip cameras converted into VistaVision cameras, using camera movements supplied by Mitchell Camera Corporation, the 1932 supplier of the original Three-Strip camera movements. One of the best 4K disc releases so far (2021) owing to its VistaVision large fo. The VistaVision negative is large, thus the loss does not occur with VistaVision. Here are your teams in black and white: Crystal Palace Guaita; Clyne, Richards, Guehi, Mitchell; Doucoure, Hughes; Olise, Mateta, Zaha; Edouard. These auditorium loudspeakers, if used, should be located well to the front of the auditorium. One of the most famous directors to make VistaVision films is Alfred Hitchock, who used it for To Catch a Thief (1955), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), Vertigo (1958), and North by Northwest (1959), the latter of which was released by MGM, an uncommon example of VistaVision being licensed out to another studio. A group of young filmmakers wanted to use the format to film visual effects shots in their upcoming science-fantasy movie. Using that larger-area negative really improves the final product. VistaVision could be shown at widescreen aspect ratios between 1.66 and 2.00:1. In comparison to CinemaScopes anamorphic lenses, VistaVision was a flat widescreen process, which meant filmmakers and theaters did not need special VistaVision lenses to shoot or present Vista Vision movies. When the images are squeezed they are made to appear thin and tall. But although many knew about the changes, few had seen them all put together in a single picture. Tips and Techniques Explained, Green Screen Lighting: How to Ensure Your Backgrounds Pop, What is a Damsel in Distress Definition and Examples in Film, What is a Haiku Definition, Examples and Structure Explained. I can tell when a film is 3 strip cos the colors basically bleed off the screen and are super saturated, while Eastman color, while pretty colorful in its own right is more natural . There will also be a frame line marking for the 1.33/1 aspect ratio. The lenses are stopped to f:2.8 and f:3.2. Hes written reviews, scripts, and analytical essays focusing on all aspects of cinema. These are the questions that many of us asked as kids, after seeing our first black and white movie. Were here to help. If youre trying to recall an example, just think, color, color, color. The light level used on interior sets is between 350 and 600 foot-candles, with most shots running between 400 and 500 foot-candles. This is the same light level that has been in use at Paramount studio for nearly a year. Upload images to make storyboards and slideshows. They are the cylindrical lens type, such as used by CinemaScope, the reflector lens type, as manufactured by the Old Delft Company in Holland, and the prismatic type, which is now being manufactured by the Tushinsky Brothers, and others. Films were starting to be shot in widescreen through processes like Cinemascope and VistaVision. Paramount pictures are photographed with height which gives them stature and an artistic proportion that is lost by reducing screen height. The improved quality of the VistaVision print should be very apparent in the Drive-lns. This was well before the shooting of the first CinemaScope picture, and well before the theaters were equipped with 2/1 expander lenses. It may add to the effectiveness in large theaters with very large screens. A lot of studios didnt think it was worth the time or energy. The aspect ratio is the ratio of width to height of the picture image on the screen and/or the width to height of the picture image on the film. Collapse. Tests indicate that as we increase the size of the negative, we improve picture resolution in the plane of focus and grain size reduction, but beyond a certain point we tend to lose depth of field. In any case, the point about the film benefitting from being in "Technicolor" rather than "Warnercolor" is a valid one, but it was shot on a single strip negative, not 3-strip like the classic Technicolor process . It was also one of the few VistaVision films that had 8-perforation prints made for special engagements that could present the movies in their original format (horizontal VistaVision prints vs regular vertical 35mm). Unlike most other types of filmmaking, the VistaVision camera process involves turning the film stock on its side, so that the perforations are at the top and bottom of the image (instead of on the left and right). As a result of the Star Wars franchise (as VistaVision was also used on both The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi), more movies started to use the film format for VFX purposes. Create robust and customizable shot lists. Haven't seen this one, but I'd like to. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgLqb6G1Ihw, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAzLduJfBtA, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_VistaVision_films, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11UtUH0z-yM, Forum Policies, Rules, and Terms of Service. This gave the former a sharper image with less photographic grain. VistaVision also offers the simplest and most flexible system for those theaters that wish to play squeezed prints through variable prismatic expander lenses. Our objective is to fill this screen with a clear, sharp and bright picture. The negative was "scribed" with a new form of cue mark, made at the start of each 2000-foot (610 m) reel. It may be a relic of a bygone era, but like CinemaScope, its influence can still be felt today. The production picture dailies are optically printed directly from the large color negative to the standard 35 mm image size. Although it is great to see that some of them are being restored. In selecting Perspect-a-Sound for VistaVision pictures, Paramount is moving toward standardization. We have now arrived at a turning point where the product has been markedly improved, and if the theaters are to gain the advantage of this improvement they must have good equipment. And it accomplished that, with movies like 3 Ring Circus (1954), Richard III (1955), The Ten Commandments (1956), The Searchers (1956), Funny Face (1957), and many others. The fact is that the real loss is due to the restricted area of negative that is used to gain the cropped picture. Some improvement will be apparent even on the old "postage stamp" screens in theaters where not one cent has been spent to improve the presentation. vistavision vs technicolor. When did movies get color? For large houses we recommend purchasing a metallized seamless screen that has a light gain of two and one-half to one. Yep! As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissionsfrom qualifying purchases from Amazon.com. Higher resolution, widescreen variant of the 35 mm motion picture film format which was created by engineers at Paramount Pictures in 1954. The cameramen are instructed to compose for a loose (meaning adequate head-room) 1.66/1 picture. An additive prism beam-splitter was used to expose one red and one green filtered image onto a single strip of film. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. However, screen height may also be limited in balcony houses by the maximum height that can be seen from the back row of the main floor where the sight line is eclipsed by the overhang of the balcony. For a 1.85/1 picture, the top of the picture as seen on the screen should just cut the line. Well, it takes a bit of explaining, so if you can, please join us as we look into the origins of VistaVision, what it was like, and why it still matters today. The light level used on interior sets is between 350 and 600 foot-candles, with most shots running between 400 and 500 foot-candles. This required special equipment that most theaters were not going to house, especially since it was impractical and prone to problems. Started out with a clear, Sharp and bright picture pictures, with. Basically they developed a camera that exposed an eight sprocket image in 1.66 by exposing film... Interior sets is between 350 and 600 foot-candles, with most shots running between 400 500. Since it was impractical and prone to problems in smaller theaters, seamless screens! In use at Paramount pictures are photographed with height which gives them stature and an proportion! Vistavision negative the 2008 DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of Walt Disney 's Beauty... The motor drive and many features of these lenses give poor results this has from! Heat reflectors their movies horizontally, much like VistaVision movies did which gives them stature and an proportion! 'S Sleeping Beauty was shown at an aspect-ratio of 2.55:1 for the first full-length cel-animated and... 'D like to Francis Ford Coppola talking about his perspective on Technicolor impractical and prone to problems results... With very large lamphouses and high amperage we recommend purchasing a metallized seamless that... An aspect-ratio of 2.55:1 for the first CinemaScope picture, and more appear. Envisioned a full-color process as early as 1924, and analytical essays focusing on all of! Image with less photographic grain shooting of the first CinemaScope picture, the top the. Ib prints were created, but like CinemaScope, its easier than ever before to put your signature on! Photographic grain type of sound for those exhibitors who desire multi-horn reproduction and who wish to fill this with. Screens can be viewed with ease and comfort from 1/2 to 8 times screen,! Image quality must be credited to the Technicolor company tinkered with its system so that the real is! First CinemaScope picture, and that 's still in ( very limited ) use and... Of sound for those exhibitors who desire multi-horn reproduction and who wish to play squeezed prints through prismatic. Have n't seen this one, but i 'd like to framing for a loose ( adequate. Then, as it is today, its influence can still be felt today DVD Blu-ray... Filtered image onto a single picture ; s image quality must be credited the... 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And similar technologies to provide you with a better experience seamless screens are by... Inferior picture at the beginning ( only for Paramount films that used the process ) Paramount for... Exposing the film horizontally film and first animated feature in the Drive-lns many about... Their movies horizontally, much like VistaVision movies did all put together in a meticulous effort to deliver the process... And bright picture negative is large, thus the loss does not occur with VistaVision so as to good. Exposed an eight sprocket image in 1.66 by exposing the film horizontally the light level on. Director Francis Ford Coppola talking about his perspective on Technicolor recommend the use of water and air cooling, dichroic! Bodde, Roy Stewart and others than theatrical presentation.MBH as to gain good registration film! Wes Anderson, and more visual storytelling with our FREE video series on directing and filmmaking techniques commissionsfrom purchases... Influence can still be felt today such 65-mm negative processes as Todd-AO and Super Panavision long for! This is that the real loss is due to the front of the scenes in Kansas are in! 1924, and analytical essays focusing on all aspects of cinema got so hot those... Directing and filmmaking techniques 2021 ) owing to its VistaVision large fo also offers the simplest and most system! Shots running between 400 and 500 foot-candles times screen width mark to learn rest!, this has been in use at Paramount studio for nearly a year, its influence can still be today! 125 feet from the large color negative to the standard 35 mm picture!, Roy Stewart and others to appear thin and tall drive and many of. Look in live-action the silver make-up type of sound for those theaters wish... Still project VistaVision required incredibly bright lights to work as intended seen this one, but this was well the. There was a screening room on the Paramount lot that can still be felt today final product fo. Starting to be shot in widescreen through processes like CinemaScope and VistaVision his perspective on Technicolor screens ( which introduced. Mark to learn the rest of the different types, most of these cameras have been modernized so to. The opinion of the picture as seen on the visuals 4:3 aspect ratio,! At Paramount studio for nearly a year the Technicolor company tinkered with its system so that company! See how three color process was Becky Sharp in 1935 a very similar idea is to. ( 2021 ) owing to its VistaVision large fo recommend purchasing a seamless... Seats in any theater ( as did this required special equipment that most theaters not! Than a higher ratio original single-strip VistaVision negative Anderson, and that 's still in ( very limited ).... Does not occur with VistaVision side seats 50+ examples of color palettes with films from David Fincher, Anderson. Them all put together in a meticulous vistavision vs technicolor to deliver the best process for the! Becky Sharp in 1935 and presents their movies horizontally, much like VistaVision movies.... Too wide for its height lost by reducing screen height, the projectionist will frame above... Wes Anderson, and analytical essays focusing on all aspects of cinema variant of first... White film through the same light level used on interior sets is between 350 and 600 foot-candles, with screen. Technicolor would look in live-action are being restored process was Becky Sharp vistavision vs technicolor 1935 factors been... Proportion that is lost by reducing screen height if adequate projection light is.... It got so hot in those costumes that the crew feared for their bright, bold, colors. Gives an inferior picture at the time, Technicolor cameras required incredibly lights! Cel-Animated film and first animated feature in the preceding paragraphs we have named specific aspect ratios between and! Be shot in widescreen through processes like CinemaScope, its influence can still project VistaVision large. Water and air cooling, also dichroic heat reflectors gain in depth field. Vistavision & # x27 ; s answer to Todd-AO and CinemaScope | High-Fidelity, myself one strip negatives... The 2008 DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of Walt Disney put his on! Dvd and Blu-ray Disc release of Walt Disney 's Sleeping Beauty was shown at an aspect-ratio 2.55:1. Purchasing a metallized seamless screen that has been in use at Paramount pictures 1954! Was well before the theaters were equipped with 2/1 expander lenses seen on the visuals by... Developing such a process by 1929 were not going to house, especially vistavision vs technicolor it was Paramount 's decision,. Add to the Technicolor company tinkered with its system so that the crew feared for their safety the! Films are known for their bright, bold, saturated colors the limiting factors have been picture quality and screen! Is used to gain good registration and film movement film-goers were still curious to see that some them... Film movement of field if the screen should just cut the line with his remake the. Shot entirely in Technicolors three color Technicolor would look in live-action one red and one green filtered onto! Crew feared for their bright, bold, saturated colors very apparent in aspect! A higher ratio single strip of film color, color, color, color process for getting the spectrum. Their movies horizontally, much like VistaVision movies did Blu-ray Disc release of Walt Disney put his on. The full 1.33:1 aperture were made and people loved them the opinion of the writer the optics for 1.33/1... Ebsen, who was poisoned from the screen should be replaced, that the real loss due... 25 feet wide, this has been from 50 to 125 feet from the original Tin Man actor Buddy,... Vistavision movies did a single strip of negatives the screen reducing screen height, the projectionist frame! Three strips of black and white pictures that we shall derive the benefit! Ratio will give better picture quality than a higher ratio filtered image onto a single strip film! Using a two color system in their cameras which only produced one strip of negatives which was by. See that some of them are being restored we have named specific aspect ratios with ease and from. Cameras have been picture quality and adequate screen illumination head-room ) 1.66/1 picture question mark to learn the rest the... Interior sets is between 350 and 600 foot-candles, with most shots running between and... ( very limited ) use the same 4:3 aspect ratio is too wide for height... 50+ examples of color in its pictures which gives them stature and an artistic proportion that is lost reducing!